Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in.Click Sign in through your institution.Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.Ĭhoose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Get help with access Institutional accessĪccess to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. Although Chevallier sells his story as authentically local, his Eurocentric adaptation of gender, polygamy, and reproduction has provoked accusations of Western plotting against African values. The French director introduces L’enfant noir (1995) not as his own interpretation but that of Laye’s relatives who also act in his film. When claims of ghost-writing were still dismissed as petty African jealousy, Laurent Chevallier relocated Laye’s childhood story to present-day Guinea with an analogous film adaptation that both builds on and parallels the novel. The idyllic narrative that African critics accused of colonial apologetics is now accused by Western scholars of being the product of an anti-independence conspiracy supported by François Mitterrand. Camara Laye’s The Dark Child (1953) was sold as an autobiography and became the most read African novel in French. After decades of investigation, leading scholars conclude that the founding novel of francophone African literature was likely written by Europeans.
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